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  • Products
    • NED™ AR/VR Testing Solutions
      • NED™ E-Series
      • NED™ M-Series
      • NED™ Rx-Series
      • NED™ W-Series
      • NED™ WG-Series
    • SpectralLED® Tunable Light Sources
      • RS-7-1 Benchtop Uniform Light Source
      • RS-7-2 Large Output Port
      • RS-7-3 Fiber Optic Output
      • RS-7-4 Wafer Probe Illuminator
      • RS-7-6 Wide Field of View
      • RS-7-7 Light Booth
      • RS-7-940 SWIR Uniform Light Source
      • RS-7-1-SWIR
      • RS-7-2-VIS SWIR
      • RS-7 OEM Uniform Intensity Light Sources
    • Display Test & Characterization Solutions
      • GS-1160 Series Display Spectroradiometers
        • GS-1160 Handheld Spectroradiometer
        • GS-1160B Compact Spectroradiometer
      • GS-DMS Display Measurement Systems
        • GS-1290-DMS Display Measurement System
        • GS-1290-DMS-RBT Robotic Display Measurement System
      • Vector Display View Angle Color Testers
        • GS-1163 Multi-View Angle Spectroradiometer
        • GS-1164 Multi-Angle Spectroradiometer
        • GS-1164-6 Six View-Angle Spectroradiometer
      • GS-1290-NVIS System
      • VDU-1160 2D Spectral Imaging Colorimeter
    • LED, Micro LED and VCSEL Measurement Systems
      • Goniometer Systems
        • 940 LED Series Goniometers
        • 940 LED-200 Series Goniometers
      • Total Flux Measurement Systems
        • GS-1220-Flux-80
        • GS-1220-Flux-40
        • GS-1220-Flux-20
      • Integrating Sphere Solutions
        • LM-Series Light Measurement Integrating Spheres
        • General Purpose Integrating Spheres
    • Handheld Portable Spectrometers
      • MK350S Premium Spectrometer
      • MK350N Premium Spectrometer
      • PG200N Handheld PAR Meter
    • Lamp-Based Calibration Light Sources
      • RS-10D Calibration Light Source
      • RS-12D Series Calibration Light Source
      • RS-12DN NVIS Calibration Light Source
      • RS-15 Flux Calibration Light Source
      • 5000 FEL 1000-Watt Lamp Source
    • Light Meters & Sensors
      • Light Measurement Sensors
        • Photometric Sensors
          • UDT Model 211 Photometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 263 Photometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 265 Photometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 268P Photometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 288 Photometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 3211 Photometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 2153V-12.0 Photometric Sensor
        • Radiometric Sensors
          • UDT Model 221 Radiometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 222 UV-Enhanced Radiometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 247 Flat Response Radiometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 260 Miniature Radiometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 261 Germanium Radiometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 262 Miniature Flat-Response Radiometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 264 Laser Measurement Radiometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 268LP Low Profile Radiometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 268 Blue Radiometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 268R Flat Response Radiometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 268UVA Radiometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 268 UVC Radiometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 271 Germanium Radiometric Sensor
          • UDT Model 280 InGaAs Radiometric Sensor
      • Optical Meters
        • S400 flexOPM Benchtop Optical Meter
        • LambdaMeter Laser Wavelength & Power Meter
      • Transimpediance Amplifiers
        • TRAMP Transimpedance Amplifier
        • Illumina Tramp Headlight Test System
      • UDT-Series Integrating Sphere Systems
        • 2500 Integrating Sphere
        • 2525L Integrating Sphere
        • 2525LE Integrating Sphere
        • S2575 Integrating Sphere with Silicon Sensor
        • S2575GE Integrating Sphere with Germanium Sensor
        • S2575R Integrating Sphere with Flat-Response Sensor
      • Reflectance and Transmission Test Solutions
        • 191F Reflectance Measurement Heads
        • GS-191-SA-1045 Semi-Auto Reflectance Measurement System
        • GS-191-FA-1045 Rotary Reflectance Measurement System
      • Test & Calibration
        • ISO/IEC 17025 Accredited Testing Services
        • Standard Light Source Test & Calibration Services
        • Light Meter Calibration Services
        • Display Testing Services
        • Night Vision Compatibility Testing
        • Thin Film Measurement Services
        • Horticultural Lighting Test Services
        • Retroreflection Testing Services
  • Applications
    • AR/VR Human Factor Testing
    • Image Sensor Calibrations | Camera Image Sensors
    • Display Characterization Solutions for Accurate Testing
    • Display Production
    • Display Multi-View Angle Testing
    • Professional Horticulture Lighting Testing
    • LED & Luminaire Production
    • Night Vision Compatibility
    • Reflectance
    • Accredited Test & Calibration
    • Transportation Safety
    • Ultraviolet
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White Papers

Home » Newsroom » White Papers

Contrast, Resolution and Parallax Measurements of Near-Eye and Head Up Displays

Head Up (HUD) and Near Eye Display (NED) manufacturers utilize many different performance characteristics to quantify display quality. These performance parameters include ...
Contrast, Resolution... White Paper

Considerations When Transitioning from Lamp-based to LED-based Radiant Flux Sources

Lamp-based radiant flux sources have served as a practical solution for irradiance and spectral calibration for decades. Whether utilizing the broadband characteristics...
SpectralLED White Paper

Qualified Viewing Space Determination of Near-Eye and Head-Up Displays

A method for determining the extents of a qualified viewing space (QVS) based on repeatable and reproducible luminance measurements of augmented and virtual reality near-eye displays is ...
Qualified Viewing... White Paper

Health and Sanitation through UV Lighting

With the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a strong demand for UV disinfecting lamps has developed. UV light, especially the UVC region from 255nm to 265nm, has been shown...
UVC White Paper

Novel NED Metrology Systems Enable Consistent Display Production

Much attention has been paid recently to near eye displays (NED), specifically virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) viewers, particularly in the area of ...
NED Metrology White Paper

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